Cardiovascular consequences of parathyroid disorders in adults

Parathyroid disorders.

Disorders of the parathyroid glands most commonly present with abnormalities of serum calcium. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, the most common cause of hypercalcemia in outpatients, are often asymptomatic or may have bone disease, nephrolithiasis, or neuromuscular symptoms. Patients with chronic kidney disease may develop secondary hyperparathyroidism with resultant chronic kidney di...

Parathyroid Disorders.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a peptide hormone that is the primary regulator of calcium concentrations in the bloodstream. PTH is released in response to a variety of signals, most importantly in response to low serum calcium concentrations. As a true hormone, it travels through the bloodstream to target tissues, primarily in the bone and kidney, where it has a variety of effects that serve to ...

Cardiovascular Consequences of Parathyroid Dysfunction: Implications of Management for PTH Excess, Insufficiency, and Resistance

Parathyroid adenomas and cardiovascular risk.

In recent decades, primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) has changed its clinical presentation from a disease with bone and renal involvement to a frequently asymptomatic disorder detected on routine biochemistry. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether patients with untreated mild asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism are at risk for other complications such as increased morbidity and mortality from ...

Consequences of Stigma in the Life of People with Mental Disorders: A Qualitative Research

Background: The stigma of mental disorder has destructive impacts on emotions, feelings, personal relationships, parenting, education, occupation, and house management of people with mental disorders. Understanding and awareness of the stigma consequences are important for the establishment and development of constructive relationships with people suffering from mental disor...